1. For an illustrative discussion of warrantless arrest law in one state, see Comment, Batterers Beware: West Virginia Responds to Domestic Violence With the Probable Cause Warrantless Arrest Statute, 97 W. Va. L. Rev. 181 (1994).

    The 21 state laws providing only discretionary arrest authority include Ala. Code § 15-10-3; Del. Code Ann. tit. 11 § 1904; Ga. Code Ann. § 17-4-20.1; Haw. Rev. Stat. § 709-906; Idaho Code § 19-603; 725 ILSC 5/107-2; Ind. Code Ann. § 35-33-1-1; Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 431.005 (2); Md. Ann. Code art. 27 § 594B (d); Minn. Stat. Ann. § 629.341; Mo. Rev. Stat. § 455.085.1; Neb. Rev. Stat. § 29-404.02 (3); N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 173-B:9, 594:10; N.M. Stat. Ann. § 31-1-7; N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-401 (b), (b)(2))(d); Okla. Stat. tit. 22 § 40.3 (B); 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 2711; Tex.Crim. Proc. Code Ann. § 14.03 (a)(4); Vt. Rules Crim. Proc. Rule 3; W. Va. Code § 48-2A-14; Wyo. Stat. §§ 7-20-102 (a), 35-21-107 (b)(iv).